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A lyophilized powder of Lactobacillus rhamnosus MP108, a strain isolated from infant feces, has been developed for potential as a probiotic. To assess safety, three genetic toxicity studies (Ames, in vivo mouse micronucleus, and in vivo mouse spermatocyte chromosome aberration assays) and one 90-day oral rat toxicity study were conducted. Lactobacillus rhamnosus MP108 had no activity in the Ames assay, with or without metabolic activation, up to the highest dose tested (5000 µg/plate). Also, no evidence of genotoxicity was observed in the two in vivo genotoxicity assays up to the maximum dose tested of 5.6 g/kg body weight. Feeding of L. rhamnosus MP108 to SD rats at doses of 0, 0.25, 0.5, or 1.5 g/kg body weight/day had no statistically or biologically significant effects on any of the parameters measured. An evaluation of Lactobacillus spp. generally, and L. rhamnosus specifically, showed no indication of concern for translocation or pathogenicity. The results of the toxicology studies showed no indications for safety concerns. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Lactobacillus rhamnosus MP108 is a bacterium that shows potential as a probiotic. While this bacterium has been used in food and food production, a series of studies were conducted to provide further assurance that this particular strain of L. rhamnosus is safe. To explore hospital healthcare professionals' knowledge and attitudes towards dementia care in China. Hospital healthcare professionals deliver most diagnosis and treatment for people with dementia in China. Literature shows that healthcare professionals' knowledge and attitudes are of great importance in providing optimum dementia care. However, there is limited research of healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge and attitudes within hospital contexts in China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between April and December 2019. A self-report questionnaire composed of demographics and knowledge and attitude scales related to dementia was used for doctors and registered nurses working in settings where people with dementia are cared for in eleven public tertiary hospitals in Hebei Province, China. The STROBE checklist was adhered to in this study. In total, 603 healthcare professionals completed the study. The majority of respondents were registered nurses (71.3%). The overall mean knowledgedementia care should be integrated into undergraduate nursing and medical programmes and provided for healthcare professionals after commencing employment. Itch is a common symptom in the general population. Affected individuals often do not seek medical consultation and rely on Internet searches to obtain information regarding their itch. The aim of this study was to attain insights into common concerns of the general population regarding itch can by analysing itch-related Internet search behaviour. Google AdWords Keyword Planner was used to assess search volumes for itch-related terms in 15 European countries between September 2014 and August 2018. All identified keywords were qualitatively categorized. Itch-related terms were descriptively analysed and are shown as number of searches/100000 inhabitants. The search volume for the keyword 'itch' per 100000 inhabitants was highest in Northern Europe, followed by Eastern, Central and Southern Europe. In 4/15 countries, itch was searched for more often in the autumn/winter months compared to in the spring/summer months. Cefodizime Most itch-related terms were related to dermatological conditions such as inflammatory for the first time insights into the search behaviour patterns related to itch across Europe. People from Northern and Eastern Europe are more likely to seek online information regarding itch. Causes for the itch, especially dermatological conditions, and genitoanal itch are the most important concerns for Internet users. This unconventional and inexpensive method identifies medical needs of people beyond the medical setting, including people who do not seek medical consultation. Accordingly, the data could be used to guide public health interventions and manage respective inhabitants' medical needs. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of apalutamide+androgen deprivation therapy versus androgen deprivation therapy alone in Japanese patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer from the phase 3, randomized, global TITAN study. Men with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer randomly (11) received 240mg apalutamide+androgen deprivation therapy or matching placebo+androgen deprivation therapy. The primary efficacy endpoints were radiographic progression-free survival and overall survival. Secondary efficacy endpoints were time to cytotoxic chemotherapy, pain progression, chronic opioid use, and skeletal-related events. Safety was also assessed. Of the 1052 patients included in the TITAN study, 51 (4.85%) were Japanese (apalutamide group, n=28; placebo group, n=23). In all, 81.8% of patients in the apalutamide and 71.8% in the placebo group did not experience radiographic progression or death, and the hazard ratio for radiographic progression-free survival favored treatment with spectrum of metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer regardless of prior treatment and disease extent in Japanese patients. The results of the present analyses suggest that apalutamide + androgen deprivation therapy in Japanese patients had favorable efficacy compared with androgen deprivation therapy alone, and these findings are comparable to those in the overall population. Apalutamide + androgen deprivation therapy can be considered as one of the therapeutic options for a broad spectrum of metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer regardless of prior treatment and disease extent in Japanese patients. We conducted a population-based study including 19303 individuals diagnosed with MGUS in Sweden from 1985 to 2013, with the aim to determine whether a prior history of autoimmune disease, a well-described risk factor for MGUS is a risk factor for progression of MGUS to multiple myeloma (MM) or lymphoproliferative diseases (LPs). Using the nationwide Swedish Patient registry, we identified MGUS cases with versus without an autoimmune disease present at the time of MGUS diagnosis and estimated their risk of progression. A total of 5612 (29.1%) MGUS cases had preceding autoimmune diseases. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we found the risk of progression from MGUS to MM (HR=0.83, 95% CI 0.73-0.94) and LPs (HR=0.84, 95% CI 0.75-0.94) to be significantly lower in MGUS cases with prior autoimmune disease (compared to MGUS cases without). In this large population-based study, a history of autoimmune disease was associated with a reduced risk of progression from MGUS to MM/other LPs. Potential underlying reason is that MGUS caused by chronic antigen stimulation is biologically less likely to undergo the genetic events that trigger progression.